Hypertension is a common medical problem ignored by many who suffer from it.
A prolonged high blood pressure increases the effort made by the heart and arteries . A person with years of uncontrolled hypertension, often has an enlarged heart and narrow artery walls . It can also cause stroke, congestive heart failure, kidney failure , blindness and other diseases.
This problem is commonly seen in conjunction with diabetes in what is called metabolic syndrome.
Some risk factors for hypertension are: overweight or obesity, sedentary lifestyle, diet high in salt and excesses in alcohol consumption . Some families tend to have a history of hypertension, indicating that there is a genetic component in addition to environmental factors.
High pressure is commonly measured with a band that is placed around the upper arm. The reading shows two numbers that are the measure of the weight of a mercury tube. The units are millimeters of mercury or mmHg.
The highest number, or systolic pressure , is the pressure in the area measured when the heart beats or contracts ; and the diastolic pressure is the pressure when the heart relaxesafter a heartbeat.
Blood pressure varies during the day . When a person is exercising or is under stress , it can rise. When someone relaxes, they can go down. Low blood pressure when we stand up, but the symptoms disappear a few seconds later, and it rises to more normal levels.
A normal blood pressure is a systolic of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic of less than 80 mmHg in an average of two or more appropriately measured readings in each of two or more visits to the doctor. A category called “pre-hypertension” is defined as a systolic of 120 to 139 mmHg and a diastolic of 80 to 89 mmHg.
Stage 1 or early hypertension is defined as a systolic of 140 to 159 mmHg and a diastolic of 90 to 99 mmHg.
Stage 2 or more severe hypertension is a systolic greater than or equal to 160 and a diastolic greater than or equal to 100 mmHg.
Malignant hypertension is defined as a diastolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg or if there is evidence of acute damage to an organ or swelling in the back of the eye. These patients are usually treated to lower their blood pressure quickly. For asymptomatic patients who have no evidence of acute damage to the eyes, brain, heart or kidney, there is no proven benefit in the rapid reduction of blood pressure. It could even be harmful.
The treatment is done in a series of steps. Doctors will advise exercise and changes in diet, especially the reduction of salt intake . Then, they will start with oral medicines against high blood pressure. For those who do not have an acceptable response, or suffer side effects, there are second or third level treatments.
The process of finding a treatment may last for a few months. It is imperative to have a regimen in which the patient feels comfortable. Some types of high blood pressure will probably continue for the rest of the patient’s life.
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